Một trong những chủ điểm ngữ pháp tiếng Anh quan trọng đối với các em học sinh lớp 19 đó là mệnh đề quan hệ. Tuy nhiên, nhiều bạn vẫn chưa hiểu rõ cách làm bài tập mệnh đề quan hệ lớp 10 như thế nào cho đúng. Vì vậy, Tự học PTE tổng hợp bài tập có đáp án chi tiết để bạn dễ dàng ôn luyện. Cùng làm bài để không mất điểm oan nữa nhé.
Lý về mệnh đề quan hệ lớp 10
Bây giờ chúng ta hãy nhau học lại kiến thức mệnh đề quan hệ để có cơ sở làm bài tập mệnh đề quan hệ lớp 10 nhé.
Khái niệm
Mệnh đề quan hệ có tên tiếng Anh là Relative clauses. Đây là mệnh đề đứng vị trí phía sau một danh từ, có nhiệm vụ bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đó.
Có những loại mệnh đề quan hệ nào?
| Đại từ quan hệ | Cách sử dụng | Ví dụ minh hoạ |
| WHO | Sử dụng làm S hoặc O của câu, thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người. Công thức: WHO + V + O | The man who is waiting for the train is my English teacher. |
| WHOM | Sử dụng làm O của câu, thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người. Công thức: WHOM + S + V | The man who/whom I met on the bus yesterday is Phuong’s father. |
| WHICH | Đóng vai trò là chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ của câu, thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật. Công thức: + WHICH + V + O + WHICH + S + V | I am reading a book which was written by a famous writer. |
| THAT | Làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ của câu, thay cho cả danh từ chỉ người và danh từ chỉ vật. * Trường hợp ta thường sử dụng “that”: – khi đi sau những hình thức so sánh nhất – khi đi sau những từ: only, the first, the last – khi danh từ đi phía trước bao gồm cả người và vật – khi đi sau những đại từ bất định, đại từ phủ định, đại từ chỉ số lượng * Một số trường hợp không dùng that: – trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định – sau đó là giới từ | I saw her and her dog that were walking in the park. |
| WHOSE | Chỉ sự sở hữu cho cả người và vật. Công thức: + WHOSE + N + V …. | I am studying with Tom whose father is a famous singer. |
| Trạng từ quan hệ | Cách sử dụng | Ví dụ minh hoạ |
| WHEN | (+ on/ at/ in which): Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ thời gian Công thức: + WHEN + S + V… (WHEN = ON / IN / AT + WHICH) | November is the month when I was born |
| WHERE | (= at/ in/ from/ on which): Thay cho danh từ dùng để chỉ nơi chốn | That is the house where she used to live. |
| WHY | (= for which): Sử dụng để nói về lý do, thay thế cho the reason, for that reason. | Please tell me the reason why you are telling me a lie. |
Một số lưu ý khi dùng mệnh đề quan hệ
- Trường hợp trong Relative clauses có giới từ thì giới từ có thể đặt phía trước hoặc sau mệnh đề quan hệ (chỉ áp dụng đối với whom và which.)
Ví dụ: It’s Joe.I live with her in the dorm.
→ It’s Joe with who I live in the dorm.
→ It’s Joe, whom I live with in the dorm.
- Which thay thế cho toàn bộ mệnh đề ở phía trước.
Ví dụ: Kim did not do well in exams last semester. That made her mother very sad.
→ Kim did not do well in exams last semester which made her mother very sad.
- Whom có thể được thay bởi who (ở vị trí Object)
Ví dụ: Long has a younger sister whom/who he loves very much.
- Đối với Defining Relative Clause, chúng ta có thể lược bỏ whom, which.
Ví dụ: The person you shouted at yesterday is the director of our company.
Xem thêm:
Trường hợp sử dụng “That” thay cho “Which”
- Trước những từ như “all, little, much, few, everything, none ”
- Danh từ ở vế trước vừa có người vừa có sự vật.
- Từ được thay thế phía trước có định ngữ là tính từ ở cấp so sánh nhất thì sử dụng “that” mà không dùng “which”. Ví dụ: That is the best dress that I have ever seen.
- Cụm ở trước có số thứ tự. Ví dụ: The first feeling that hurt me is now gone.
- Cụm trước có những từ sau: “the only, the very, the same, the right”. Ví dụ: This was the only gift that he gave her.
- Cụm trước có những từ sau “all, every, any, much, little, few, no”. Ví dụ: Pick a few ginseng brews that you like the most.
- Trong câu hỏi (Mệnh đề chính) mở đầu với “which” thì sử dụng “that” mà không dùng “which” làm từ nối. Ví dụ: Which of the books that had pictures was worth reading?
- Trong “It is … that …”. Ví dụ: It is the cradle that I was lying in 20 years ago.
100+ bài tập mệnh đề quan hệ lớp 10
100+ bài tập mệnh đề quan hệ lớp 10 sẽ giúp các bạn ôn tập kiến thức và mình đã học nhé.
Phần bài tập mệnh đề quan hệ lớp 10
Bài tập 1: Điền WHO, WHICH, THAT vào những câu bên dưới
1. The men _______ lives next-door are English.
2. The dictionary _______ you gave me is very good.
3. Do you know the girls _______ are standing outside the church?
4. The police are looking for the thieve _______ got into my house last night.
5. The chocolate _______ you like comes from the United States.
6. I have lost the necklace _______ my mother gave me on my birthday.
7. A burglar is someone _______ breaks into a house and steals things.
8. Buses _______ go to the airport run every half hour.
9. I can’t find the key _______ opens this door.
10. I gave you a book _______ had many pictures.
Bài tập 2: Điền WHO, WHICH hoặc WHOSE vào chỗ trống
1. He arrived with a friend ______ waited outside in the car.
2. The man ______ mobile was ringing did not know what to do.
3. The car ______ the robbers escaped in was a BMW.
4. The woman ______ daughter was crying tried to calm her down.
5. The postman ______ works in the village is very old.
6. The family ______ car was stolen last week is the Smiths.
7. The cowboy ______ is wearing a red shirt looks very funny.
8. A bus is a big car ______ carries lots of people.
9. The volunteers, ______ enthusiasm was obvious, finished the work quickly.
10. Children ______ like music are often good at mathematics.
Bài tập 3: Chọn who/ whom/ which/ that/ where…. điền vào chỗ trống
1. The parents thanked the woman ____had saved their son
2. The factory _____closed last week had been there for many years
3. Two men, neither of _____I had been before, came into my office.
4. I like the ice-cream ____they sell in that shop
5. He ate the food _____ no one else wanted
6. John has got a new mobile phone ____ takes photos
7. The village _____ I ran out of petrol didn’t have a petrol station
8. The job for _____she has applied is in London
9. John sold his computer, _____he no longer need, to his cousin
10. Teddy has two cars, one of ____ is very expensive.
Bài tập 4: Kết hợp những cặp câu bằng đại từ tương ứng
1. The first boy has just moved. He knows the truth.
2. I don’t remember the man. You said you met him at the canteen last week.
3. The only thing is how to go home. It make me worried.
4. The most beautiful girl lives city. I like her long hair very much.
5. He was Tom. I met him at the bar yesterday.
6. The children often go swimming on Sundays. They have much free time then.
7. They are looking for the man and his dog. They have lost the way in the forest.
8. The tree has lovely flowers. The tree stands near the gate of my house.
9. My wife wants you to come to dinner. You were speaking to my wife
10. The last man has just returned from the farm. I want to talk to him at once.
Bài tập 5: Viết lại câu sau với mệnh đề quan hệ
1. He worked for a woman. She used to be an artist.
2. They called a doctor. He lived nearby.
3. I wrote an email to my sister. She lives in Italy.
4. Linh liked the waiter. He was very friendly.
5. We broke a car. It belonged to my uncle.
6. Ba dropped a cup. It was new.
7. Nam loves books. They have happy endings.
8. I live in a city. It is in the north of Vietnam.
9. The man is in the class. He is wearing a blue hat.
10. The woman works in a hospital. She is from India.
11. My sister has four sons. She lives in Japan.
12. The man was rude. He was wearing a red shirt.
13. The phone is on the table. It belongs to An.
14. The TV got broken. It was my grandfather’s.
15. The radio was stolen. It was bought 35 years ago.
16. The girl gave Binh his phone. She is his daughter.
17. This is the laptop. My mother has just bought it.
18. That’s the man. His car is a Ferrari.
19. I know the woman. She lives upstairs.
20. It’s the dog. I always talk to him at night.
Bài tập 6: Nối hai câu bằng cách sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn
1. She bought the car. Her father had recommended it.
2. He lost the pen. I had given it to him.
3. We called the delivery company. Nga often uses it.
4. Lam met a girl. I used to employ her.
5. Chi called the lawyer. My mother knows him.
6. He brought a woman. I worked with her last year.
7. We employed the pianist. Hai introduced her.
8. The cake is on the table. I bought it.
9. The book belongs to Lan. An found it under the chair.
10. The food was delicious. Huy cooked the food.
Bài tập 7: Viết lại câu từ 2 xây cho sẵn. Bạn có thể dùng who/ which/ that/ where ….
1. I went to see a doctor. She had helped my father
I went to see the doctor ___________________
2. A woman wrote to me. She wanted my advice
The woman ______________________
3. Mary was wearing the red dress. It was made in France
Mary was wearing the red dress ______________
4. We stayed at Sofitel hotel. Mark recommended it to us
We stayed at Sofitel hotel ___________________
5. John is one of my closest friends. I have known him for three years
John is one of my closest friends ______________
6. New York is one of the largest cities in the USA. My sister is living there
New York is one of the largest cities in the USA___________
7. Ann talked to a man. He won a lot of money
Ann talked to the man___________
8. The couple has got a married again. Their divorce was in the newspapers
The couple ___________________
9. He is an architect. He designed the new city library
He is the architect _____________
10. Jerry sent me a letter. It was very funny.
Jerry sent me the letter __________
Xem thêm:
Bài tập 8: Lựa chọn đáp án đúng trong 4 đáp án để hoàn thành câu
1. Nam Dinh province, ___________ my uncle lives, often has hurricanes.
A. when
B. where
C. which
D. that
2. I think doctors ___________work in disaster areas are both unselfish and very brave.
A. who
B. which
C. they
D. those
3. 2005 was the year _________there was a big earthquake in Indonesia.
A. which
B. where
C. who
D. when
4. Mai is the girl___________mother is an architect.
A. who
B. whose
C. which
D. that
5. A snake or a spider is the animal_________she’d like to keep as a pet.
A. where
B. what
C. that
D. when
6. My older brother, ________was twenty-two last month, has gone to work in India.
A. who
B. that
C. he
D. which
7. India is the country __________he spent the early years of his life.
A. at which
B. on which
C. that
D. where
8. The girls and flowers __________ he painted were vivid.
A. who
B. that
C. whose
D. which
9. Children always want to know the reason __________things are as they are.
A. why
B. whom
C. which
D. who
10. Is the first of March the day__________the astronaut will come and give a speech at our school?
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. when
11. There was a storm _________I had never experienced before.
A. such as
B. as which
C. which
D. for which
12. There are several reasons_________Adam is not chosen for the school football team.
A. from then
B. why
C. for what
D. explaining
Bài tập 9: Viết lại câu với 2 câu cho sẵn
1. The man is her father. You met him last week.
2. Zoe likes the blue T-shirt. My sister is wearing it.
3. Show me the new hats. You bought them last night.
4. Zoe has a sister. Her sister’s name is Juma.
5. That is a company. It produces rings.
6. The children were attracted by the show. It was performed so many.
7. My best friend can compose songs. Ly sings folk songs very well.
8. Tet is a festival. Tet often happens in late January or early February.
9. Zoe bought a new phone yesterday. I can use it to send and receive messages.
10. Jack is the boy. He is giving my mom a gift.
Bài tập 10: Tìm và sửa lỗi sai (nếu có)
1. The film who I watched yesterday was interesting.
2. The only house to be paint last week was Oanh’s.
3. A dictionary is a book whom gives her the meaning of words.
4. I like that dress whom is really beautiful.
5. Do you get on with the person which lives behind?
Bài tập 11: Hoàn thành đoạn văn bằng WHOSE, WHO, WHY, WHERE, WHICH, WHOM
Last year my best friend, _______name is Annie, invited me to stay with her during the summer holiday. Annie lives in Nancy, _______is a beautiful town in the eastern part of France. She has a big apartment _______overlooks the river. The school _______she works is very close to her apartment.
Annie studied French at university, _______is the reason _______she decided to live in France. She teaches English to students, most of _______ are hoping to study in England and America and need to be able to speak English. I met some of Annie’s students when I visited her. I also met her boss, _______ struck me as being a very nice man. He offered me a job in his school as soon as he found out that I was in the teaching business too. I decided to accept his offer, _______ is _______ I’m still here in Nancy.
Xem thêm:
- Yesterday là thì gì? Dấu hiệu nhận biết thì quá khứ đơn
- Encourage là gì? Cấu trúc Encourage trong tiếng Anh
- 50+ tính từ dài trong tiếng Anh phổ biến nhất
Phần đáp án bài tập mệnh đề quan hệ lớp 10
Đáp án bài tập 1
| 1. who | 2. which | 3. who | 4. who | 5. which |
| which | 7. that | 8. that | 9. which | 10. which |
Đáp án bài tập 2
| 1. who | 2. whose | 3. which | 4. whose | 5. who |
| whose | 7. who | 8. which | 9. whose | 10. who |
Đáp án bài tập 3
| 1. who/that | 2. which/that | 3. whom | 4. that/which | 5. that/which |
| 6. that/which | 7. where | 8. which | 9. which | 10. which |
Đáp án bài tập 4
1. The first boy who knows the truth has just moved.
2. I don’t remember the man whom you said you met at the canteen last week.
3. The only thing which make me worried is how to go home.
4. The most beautiful girl, whose long hair I like very much, lives in this city.
5. The man whom I met at the bar yesterday was Tom.
6. The children often go swimming on Sundays when they have much free time.
7. They’re looking for the man and his dog that have lost the way in the forest.
8. The tree which stands near the gate of my house has lovely flowers.
9. My wife, whom you were speaking to, wants you to come to dinner.
10. I want to talk to the last man who has just returned from the farm.
Đáp án bài tập 5
1. He worked for a woman who used to be an artist.
2. They called a doctor who lived nearby.
3. I wrote an email to my sister who lives in Italy.
4. Linh liked the waiter who was very friendly.
5. We broke a car that belonged to my uncle.
6. Ba dropped a cup which was new.
7. Nam loves books that have happy endings.
8. I live in a city that is in the north of Vietnam.
9. The man who is wearing a blue hat is in the class.
10. The woman who is from India works in a hospital.
11. My sister who lives in Japan has four sons.
12. The man who was wearing a red shirt was rude.
13. The phone that belongs to An is on the table.
14. The TV that was my grandfather’s got broken.
15. The radio that was bought 35 years ago was stolen.
16. The girl who gave Binh his phone is his daughter.
17. This is the laptop which my mother has just bought.
18. That’s the man whose car is a Ferrari.
19. I know the woman who lives upstairs.
20. It’s the dog that I always talk to at night.
Đáp án bài tập 6
1. She bought the car her father had recommended.
2. He lost the pen I had given him.
3. We called the delivery company Nga often uses.
4. Lam met a girl I used to employ.
5. Chi called the lawyer my mother knows.
6. He brought a woman I worked with last year.
7. We employed the pianist Hai introduced.
8. The cake I bought is on the table.
9. The wallet An found under the chair belongs to Lan.
10. The food Huy cooked was delicious.
Xem thêm:
- Would you like + gì? Công thức, bài tập có đáp án chi tiết
- Tất tần tật kiến thức về cụm trạng từ trong tiếng Anh
- Bài mẫu chủ đề Talk about your dream job – IELTS Speaking Part 2
Đáp án bài tập 7
1. I went to see a doctor who/ that had helped my father
2. The woman who/ that wrote to me wanted my advice
3. Mary was wearing the red dress which/ that was made in France
4. We stayed at the Sofitel hotel which/ that Mark recommended to us
5. John is one of the closest friends whom I have known for three years
6. New York is one of the largest cities in the USA where my sister is living
7. Ann talked to the man who/ that won a lot of money
8. The couple whose divorce was in the newspapers has got married again
9. He is the architect who/ that designed the new city library
10. Jerry sent me the letter that/ which was very funny
Đáp án bài tập 8
| 1. B | 2. A | 3. D | 4. B | 5. C | 6. A |
| 7. D | 8. B | 9. A | 10. D | 11. C | 12. B |
Đáp án bài tập 9
1 – The man whom you met last week is her father.
2 – Zoe likes the blue T-shirt which my sister is wearing.
3 – Show me the new hats which you bought last night.
4 – Zoe has a sister whose name is Juma.
5 – That is a company which produces rings.
6 – The children were attracted by the show which was performed so many.
7 – My best friend can compose songs which Ly sings very well.
8 – Tet is a festival that often happens in late January or early February.
9 – Zoe bought a new phone yesterday which I can use to send and receive messages.
10 – Jack is the boy who is giving my mom a gift.
Đáp án bài tập 10
1. The film who I watched yesterday was interesting.
2. The only house to be paint last week was Oanh’s.
3. A dictionary is a book whom gives her the meaning of words.
4. I like that dress whom is really beautiful.
5. Do you get on with the person which lives behind?
Đáp án bài tập 11
| 1. WHOSE | 2. WHICH | 3. WHICH | 4. WHERE | 5. WHICH |
| 6. WHY | 7. WHOM | 8. WHO | 9. WHICH | 10. WHY |
Phía bên trên, Tự học PTE đã giúp bạn hiểu rõ hơn về mệnh đề quan hệ trong tiếng Anh. Để học tốt chủ điểm này, bạn hãy làm các bài tập mệnh đề quan hệ lớp 10 và dò lại đáp án khi cần nhé.
Đừng quên theo dõi các bài viết tiếp theo của chuyên mục Ngữ pháp để học thêm các kiến thức bổ ích nhé.
